Worku tessema a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment. The university is not new to working with the ethiopian. Agricultural development in the rural areas of ethiopia can facilitate greater national food security and allow for an increase in agricultural exports. Though agriculture is the most important source of. Ethiopia who are absolutely poor in the year 2001 was 44%. Also deals on the role of water and soil conservation for sustainable agriculture for increasing agricultural productivity in ethiopia. Dec 21, 2015 the future of ethiopias agriculture monday, 21 december 2015 09. Deforestation and land degradation on the ethiopian highlands. Agriculture is the foundation of the ethiopian economy.
Ethiopia in general and the northern part in particular since it is the most drought prone area usually marked by low agricultural productivity. Though agriculture is the most important source of livelihood employing about 80% of the. Ethiopias domesticated plants and its unique flora and fauna is increasingly being eroded because the long history of disruptive interventions by the state and the weakening of local management in the. Shortterm effects of conservation agriculture on vertisols. Ethiopia second phase of the agricultural growth program project. Conservation agriculture effects on crop productivity and soil. Present and future trends of natural resources land and. Informal collective action in rural ethiopia is as old as the society itself formal agricultural cooperatives emerged in 1960s as a result of comprehensive agricultural development programs while many of the. Mowrearoiwmiilri workshop 23 present and future trends of natural resources land and water management in ethiopian agriculture.
The definition is linked to the root verb, to sustain, which means to maintain or to keep in existence. Conservation agriculture is a farming system that promotes minimum soil disturbance i. International center for wheat and maize improvement cimmyt. Ethiopia s agriculture is plagued by periodic drought, soil degradation 1 caused by overgrazing, deforestation, high levels of taxation and poor infrastructure making it. The impact of soil and water conservation for improved agricultural. Ethiopias economy is dependent on agriculture, which accounts for 40 percent of the gdp, 80 percent of exports, and an estimated 75 percent of the countrys workforce. Pdf the role of conservation agriculture in sustainable. Mekele university established a college of veterinary science in 2003. However, the potential of its rural agricultural areas is not yet being met. Area of agricultural lands arable land, permanent crops, permanent meadows and pastures. Agriculture is the dominant sector of the ethiopian economy, with 85% of the population living in the rural areas. Pdf status, characterization and conservation practices. In fact, since 2001 the per capita income in certain rural.
Worku tessema a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of master in management of natural resources and sustainable agriculture mmnrsa. Ethiopia has unveiled its sustainable and integrated development planning documents, the 5year growth and transformation plan and the climate resilient green economy strategy that shaped the content of. The ethiopian institute of agricultural research eiar has evolved through several stages since its initiation during the late 1940s, following the establishment of agricultural and technical school of ambo and jimma. Ethiopia is also the continents leading producer and exporter of. Irrigation is generally considered as a means of modernizing the countrys agricultural economy and is an important investment for improving the rural income through increased agricultural. Metu district abstract land degradation is one of the major challenges in agricultural production in many parts of the world, especially in developing nations like ethiopia. Review work was conducted to assess the characterized and conservation methods of indigenous chickens in ethiopia. Ethiopia agriculture, information about agriculture in ethiopia. Agriculture provides about 52% of the country s gdp, 80% of its employment, and 90% of its export earnings world bank, 2000. The future of ethiopias agriculture monday, 21 december 2015 09. Many african farmers cultivate by hand, using hoes. Therefore, seed security is most important factor for food security, also lack of seed and.
Sustainable agriculture is a method of agriculture that attempts to ensure the profitability of farms while preserving the environment. Agriculture in ethiopia is dominated by low productive rainfed farming. Agricultural cooperatives in ethiopia agriprofocus. Currently around 90% of exports are agriculturebased. The definition is linked to the root verb, to sustain, which means to. How many of each type of land belongs to each man live in the country. International conference on a development strategy of horn of africa. It enhances biodiversity and natural biological processes above and below the ground surface, which contribute to increased water and nutrient use efficiency and to improved and sustained crop production. Its focus is on the less arid areas of eastern and southern africa, where sustainable agriculture approaches have achieved. Informal collective action in rural ethiopia is as old as the society itself formal agricultural cooperatives emerged in 1960s as a result of comprehensive agricultural development programs while many of the current cooperatives have passed through several historical turmoil, some are newly emerged cooperatives with renewed missions and.
Conservation agriculture for smallholder farmers in. Historical background the agricultural sector in ethiopia represents 45 % of the gdp and about 85 % of the population gains their livelihood directly or indirectly from agricultural production including livestock. Pdf traditionally, livelihood security among smallholder farmers in ethiopia is strongly dependent on rainfed agriculture, with which over 95%. The principles of conservation agriculture conservation agriculture takes advantage of natural ecological processes to conserve moisture, enhance soil fertility, and improve soil structure, and to reduce soil erosion and the presence of diseases and pests. The northern regions of ethiopia studied here include the. National report of ethiopia sustainable development. Various ministry of agriculture publications 198789, quoted by dessalegn, 1994a. Deforestation and land degradation on the ethiopian. Ministry of agriculture ethiopia, addis ababa, ethiopia. Following the creation of the ministry of agriculture in 1943 the agricultural bank of ethiopia was established to accelerate.
Ethiopia is also the continents leading producer and exporter of beeswax and honey. Conservation agriculture can be practised on different types of farms, with different combinations of crops and sources of power. Introduction agriculture is an important sector in developing countries in. The country has approximately 7 million bee colonies. Ethiopia encompasses a wide variety of agroecologies and peoples. Opportunities and challenges for adopting conservation agriculture. Critical factors hampering agricultural productivity in ethiopia. In ethiopia chickens are the most wide spread and dominant poultry species. Federal democratic republic of ethiopia destined to guide the efforts being made to build the capacity of enhancing irrigated agriculture in ethiopia. Pdf conservation agriculture in dryland agroecosystems.
Sustainable agricultural practices and agricultural productivity in ethiopia. Livelihood dependence on urban agriculture in addis ababa. The annual grain production, which averages 7 million tonnes, is too low to support. With a rapidly growing population, ethiopia needs to increase food production in grain equivalent, by at least onemillionmetrictons. The levels of poverty also show significant variation among ruralurban areas and across regional stat es. The impact of natural resource scarcity on agriculture in ethiopia alemu mekonnen, abebe damte, and rahel deribe bekele 1. Sustainable agricultural practices and agricultural. Preface agriculture is the mainstay of the ethiopian population and a key sector of the countrys economy. Challenges for adopting conservation agriculture at smallholder farmers level, the case of emba alage, tigray, northern ethiopia, submitted by me for the. The development objective of the second phase of the agricultural growth program project for ethiopia is to increase agricultural productivity and commercialization of small holder farmers targeted by the project. The impact of natural resource scarcity on agriculture in. Conservation agriculture for smallholder farmers in ethiopia. Farmers perception on the role of vetiver grass in soil and water cons ervation in south western ethiopia.
A concise but comprehensive overview of farm africas climatesmart agriculture project in ethiopia. Ethiopian institute of agricultural research wikipedia. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia summary of essp ii working paper 20, seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia ethiopia strategy support program essp ii. A study of the development impact of the miessodangago road.
Therefore, seed security is most important factor for food security, also lack of seed and high risk agriculture production are considered to be the top priority regassa 2006. I derap development research and action programme w. Ethiopia, with a current estimated population of 77 million growing at a rate of 2. The northern regions of ethiopia studied here include the amhara and tigray regional states which cover 19 percent of ethiopian population. The sector employs 6 percent of the total labour force 2009. However, on account of climatic, social and institutional factors contributing to low production and productivity, agriculture is. Total area of ethiopia agricultural land in ethiopia. It contributes approximately 46 percent to the national gdp and employs over 80 percent of the population. It features and analyzes the countrys agricultural progress from 1960s to date, and some future prospects. Jul 02, 2015 this article is the second in a series that seek to examine the role of agriculture as a developmental opportunity for africa. Food and agriculture in ethiopia ifpri publications. Ethiopian institute of agricultural research rhizobiabased. Mesfin and others published conservation agriculture in dryland agroecosystems of ethiopia find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
However, on account of climatic, social and institutional factors contributing to low. However, just five percent of land is irrigated and crop yields from small farms are below regional averages. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia summary of essp ii working paper 20, seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia ethiopia strategy support program essp ii research note 12 in spite of nearly two decades of policies that placed high priority on boosting agricultural production and productivity. Livelihood dependence on urban agriculture in addis ababa, ethiopia by tewodros firdissa major supervisor. Pdf conservation agriculture in dryland agroecosystems of. Thesis paper on farmers perception on the role of vg for swc.
Ethiopias crop agriculture continues to be dominated by the countrys numerous small farms that cultivate mainly cereals for both ownconsumption and sales. Since local chickens have good potential to adapted in. At the rural area in ethiopia, over 85% farmers rely on rainfall. The ethiopian institute of agricultural research eiar has evolved through several stages since its initiation during the late 1940s, following the establishment of agricultural and technical school of.
Historical background the agricultural sector in ethiopia represents 45 % of the. Construction of soil conservation structures for improvement. Agriculture is a primary source of income and employment in rural areas reaching up to 25 percent of the labour force and representing 80 percent of its gdp. Ethiopia s economy is largely dominated by subsistence agriculture. Mar 14, 2014 in the case of ethiopia there are obvious reasons why agriculture should be considered as fundamental to the development process in the country. Menale kassie, precious zikhali, john pender, and gunnar kohlin introduction the ethiopian economy is supported by its agricultural sector, which is also a fundamental instrument for poverty alleviation, food security, and economic growth. Agriculture in ethiopia is the foundation of the countrys economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product gdp, 83. Soil erosion is one of the major agricultural problems in the highlands of ethiopia. The development objective of the second phase of the agricultural growth program project. It focusses on ethiopia and provides a broad overview of some of the key developments in agriculture. Pdf conservation agriculture in dryland agroecosystems of ethiopia. Grain and feed annual april 3, 2020 my 202021 wheat production is forecast to reach a record five million metric tons, while corn is projected to reach 8.
Deforestation, overgrazing, and cultivation of slopes not suited to agriculture together with the farming practice that do not include conservation measures are the major causes for soil erosion in much of ethiopias highland areas. Seed, fertilizer, and agricultural extension in ethiopia. Aug 01, 2016 ethiopia is among the few african countries that have consistently met both the african unions comprehensive africa agricultural development program caadp targets of 10% increase in public investment in agriculture by the year 2008 and boosting agricultural production growth by 6% at least by 2015. In the case of ethiopia there are obvious reasons why agriculture should be considered as fundamental to the development process in the country. Ethiopia yenesew sewnet, edo elemo and dereje derso department of rural development and agricultural extension, school of agriculture, madawalabu university. Pdf conservation agriculture for enhancement of livelihoods and. Its agriculture sector, economy, and food security status are equally complex.
This article is the second in a series that seek to examine the role of agriculture as a developmental opportunity for africa. Deforestation, overgrazing, and cultivation of slopes not suited to agriculture together with the farming practice that. Mowrearoiwmiilri workshop 23 present and future trends of natural resources land and water. Constraints for a conservation based agricultural development policy in ethiopia a baseline study in fedis awraja fantu cheru d 1992. In 2009, ethiopia was in the final year of its five year plan for accelerated and sustained development to end poverty pasdep and beginning to design its next five year plan the. Mesfin and others published conservation agriculture in dryland agroecosystems of ethiopia find, read and cite all the research you. In fact, since 2001 the per capita income in certain rural areas has risen by more than 50 percent, and crop yields and availability have also increased.
Currently around 90% of exports are agriculture based. Ethiopia second phase of the agricultural growth program. It focusses on ethiopia and provides a broad overview of some. Ethiopia has unveiled its sustainable and integrated development planning documents, the 5year growth and transformation plan and the climate resilient green economy strategy that shaped the content of this report.
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